Curious science reads · Grades 3–12

Science Concepts Explained

Short, evidence-based explainers connecting the questions students ask in our hands-on programs to the science behind them.

Sciences Technology Engineering Mathematics
paper chromatography

Marker ink separates into different colors on wet paper because most inks are blends of several dyes, and each dye travels a different distance as water moves through the paper.

convection currents in hot and cold water in a bleaker

A convection current forms when part of a fluid is heated, becomes less dense, and rises while cooler, denser fluid sinks to take its place. Hot water floats on cold

Frozen mercury vs osmium density compared
Liquid mercury is already denser than iron, at 13.53 g/cc. Freezing a liquid increases its density. So, does freezing it finally beat osmium, the densest element on Earth?
A cheetah and an elephant compared to show the square-cube law and animal speed.

A cheetah can outrun almost anything on land, yet it weighs a small fraction of an elephant. If speed simply increased with size, the largest animals would be the fastest.

These questions come from our students.

Every explainer on this page started as a question a student asked in a STEMonsters session. See the hands-on programs behind them, or request a trial class for your child.